Which of the following can be a cause of hypemic hypoxia?

Hypemic hypoxia occurs when the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the tissues is diminished, despite normal oxygen availability in the lungs. Carbon monoxide exposure is a significant cause of hypemic hypoxia because carbon monoxide has a much higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen. When carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, it forms carboxyhemoglobin, which prevents hemoglobin from binding to oxygen effectively. As a result, even with adequate oxygen present, the blood's capacity to transport oxygen to the tissues is severely impaired, leading to hypoxia.

In contrast, high altitude exposure can lead to hypoxic hypoxia due to reduced atmospheric pressure and oxygen availability, rather than a problem with oxygen transport. Carbon dioxide build-up mainly causes hypercapnia and can affect oxygen delivery through respiratory effects but does not directly result in hypemic hypoxia. Excessive oxygen supply typically does not lead to hypemic hypoxia; in fact, it can improve oxygen availability for tissues unless there are other complicating medical conditions present.